2022 英语周报 八年级 新课程 32答案

第三节One possible wersionParagraph 1Some time later, he woke up under a tree in the samevalley. He was alone, worried about his dog and he knewhe was going to get into more trouble with his wife. Then henoticed a curious thing his hair was over his shouldersand his beard was over a foot long! So strange was he thathe decided immediately to get back to the village. As soonas he got there, he realized that everything was differentand there were lots of new houses. Surprisingly, he didn'trecognize the people in the villageParagraph 2:When he got to his house, he saw that it was old andbandoned. To his sorrow, his wife had died two years before and the two children had left away. Despite the arment with his wife, he was regretful for the past. Facingthis sharp change, Rip was determined to change his way ofliving and never be a lazy man. He became a diligentfarmer and kept pace with the new society. In his sparetime, he would still go to the old inn that had been rebuiltto tell some stories about his adventure in the valley, whichappealedto the children a lo

30.(1)神经和体液激素调节具有作用时间较长(2)运动员在途中会大量出汗造成血浆的渗透压升高故应及时补充水分大脑皮层(3胰高血糖素肝糖原(4)非特异性减弱pH或酸碱度)(每空1分)解析:(1)起跑这一复杂动作是在神经系统的参与下完成的,起跑后心跳加快与肾上腺素的分泌有关,故该过程是神经调节和体液调节共同作用的结果;激素经过体液运输起作用,但速度较慢,作用时间较长,运动停止后部分肾上腺素等激素仍会在一段时间内发挥作用,导致心跳不能立即饮复到正常水平(2)运动员在跑马拉松途中大量出汗,散失较多的水分导致血浆渗透压升高,应及时补充水分以维持内环境滲透压的稳定。运动员在疲劳的状态下仍能坚持跑完全程,与个人意识控制有关,控制该行为的中枢位于最高级中枢—一大脑皮层(3)寒冷刺激使血糖水平升高说明该刺激可引起胰高血糖素分泌增加,促进肝糖原分解(4)胃黏膜属于免疫系统的第一道防线在机体非特异性免疫中发挥着重要作用。寒冷刺激引起胃黏膜内的HOO减少,从而对H级冲作用减弱,进而使胃黏膜组织液内的H含量升高,pH降低,引起胃黏膜损伤。【知识归纳】1.神经一体液调节—涉及“神经递质”与“激素”两类信号分子途径:下丘脑→有关神经→内分泌腺(作为效应器)→分泌激素→靶细E模型刺激内分泌腺[体液」组织器官实例:①寒冷环境中,下丘脑→肾上腺素→增加产热②当血糖浓度下降时,下丘脑会通过有关神经使胰岛A细胞分泌胰高血糖素,进而使血糖恢复正常2动物生命活动调节的类型机制及实例调节类型调节机制举例神经调节刺激引起的反射活动,通过反射弧亮成缩手反射等各种反射活动体液调节体液中激素和其他化学物质对生命活动的调节作用激素、CO2、H+等的调节影响神经一体液调节神经活动一→体内激索水平一一行为|观看恐怖片时,人体内肾上腺素水平会提高神经调节体液调节体液一神经调节/血液中C漫呼吸中引起呼吸反射CO2对呼吸运动的调节作用体液调节神经调节

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